Biological drug testing is a tool that provides information about an individual's recent substance use. Like any tool, its value depends on using it correctly; that is, on selecting the right test for the right person at the right time. This document is intended to clarify appropriate clinical use of drug testing in addiction medicine and aid providers in their decisions about drug testing for the identification, diagnosis, treatment, and recovery of patients with, or at risk for, addiction.

Abstract: The use of drug testing is pervasive in community supervision requiring probationers to regularly submit to urine drug testing. Positive drug tests may result in sanctions, technical violations, probation revocations, and even prison sentences. However, experts in addiction medicine recommend testing be used to support recovery rather than to exact punishment. This article reviews the literature on drug testing offering information on efficacy, best practices, and limitations.

From police departments to courts of law, the CCBHC model provides a mechanism to coordinate, deliver - and often pay for - mental health and substance use services for justice-involved persons.

The Virginia Hospital & Healthcare Association has developed a human trafficking resource manual, Human Trafficking: Care and Response, in collaboration with clinicians from its member hospitals and health systems with experience in forensic nursing, human trafficking, sexual assault care, and related disciplines.

Human trafficking is a public health issue in the United States and on a global scale. Healthcare providers often are the only service professionals who interact with trafficked victims who are still in captivity. Clinicians should have skills they can employ to identify and respond to victims of trafficking who present for care in the healthcare sector.

This study focuses on jails, recognizing that they are embedded in communities and that pregnant people with OUD entering jails need appropriate care and linkages to services when they return to the community. We conducted the largest ever research survey of jails (nearly 3,000 surveyed!) to document the availability of MOUD for pregnant people, followed by in-depth interviews with administrators. In the second phase, we are exploring the perspectives and experiences of the directly impacted people, pregnant people with OUD in jail.

Updated December 16, 2021:
After decades of growth in incarceration across the United States, the number of people in jail and prison decreased in recent years. However, these national declines mask significant differences in jail and prison trends across counties, states, and regions. Use the map below to explore how your county compares to others along five key incarceration metrics.

This resource guide for providers working with American Indian/Alaska Native people reentering their communities from incarceration, contains a compilation of federal resources, research, examples, and helpful considerations for facilitating a successful reentry.

About the Prison Rape Elimination Act